Trends and Development of Research on Flipped Classroom in Education: A Bibliometric Analysis from 2012 to 2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70232/jcsml.v2i2.38Keywords:
Flipped Classroom, Student-Centered Learning, Bibliometric Analysis, Independent Learning, ScopusAbstract
Nowadays, advancements in ICT have positively impacted education. This bibliometric study examines trends and developments in research on flipped classrooms in education from 2012 to 2024, focusing on the impact of technological advancements in supporting student-centered learning. The flipped classroom approach allows students to learn course materials independently before class sessions, where active discussions, problem-solving, and collaboration become the primary activities. Using data from Scopus, 1,580 relevant research articles were analyzed to reveal publication trends, influential contributions, and key themes. The analysis highlights the role of flipped classrooms in enhancing students’ critical thinking, independent learning, and intrinsic motivation. Findings indicate a growing research interest in this model, particularly in higher education and science disciplines, with significant growth during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, with an impressive annual growth rate of 53.34%. These publications involved contributions from 4,226 authors, with Wang Y emerging as the most prolific author. The documents were distributed across 639 different sources, with BMC Medical Education recognized as the most productive source. In terms of geographical distribution, the United States led with the highest number of publications. The University of California was identified as the institution with the largest number of publications. The most frequently used keywords in these studies included students, teaching, education, curriculum, human, learning, humans, article, medical, and male. This study provides insights into collaborative networks, influential publications, and the latest research trends, offering guidance for educators, policymakers, and researchers in planning future studies and implementing flipped classrooms effectively.
Metrics
References
Akçayır, G., & Akçayır, M. (2018). The flipped classroom: A review of its advantages and challenges. Computers & Education, 126, 334–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.07.021
Baas, J., Schotten, M., Plume, A., Côté, G., & Karimi, R. (2020). Scopus as a curated, high-quality bibliometric data source for academic research in quantitative science studies. Quantitative Science Studies, 1(1), 377–386. https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00019
Bagdi, T., Ghosh, S., Sarkar, A., Hazra, A. K., Balachandran, S., & Chaudhury, S. (2023). Evaluation of research progress and trends on gender and renewable energy: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 423(138654). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138654
Baig, M. I., & Yadegaridehkordi, E. (2023). Flipped classroom in higher education: a systematic literature review and research challenges. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00430-5
Bapteste, E., van Iersel, L., Janke, A., Kelchner, S., Kelk, S., McInerney, J. O., Morrison, D. A., Nakhleh, L., Steel, M., Stougie, L., & Whitfield, J. (2013). Networks: Expanding evolutionary thinking. Trends in Genetics, 29(8), 439–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2013.05.007
Biradar, N., & Kumbar, P. (2020). A Comparative Study: Application of Bradford’s Law of Scattering to the Epidemiology Literature of India and Japan. Research Journal of Library and Information Science, 4(1), 7–16.
Bishop, J. L., & Verleger, M. A. (2013). The Flipped Classroom: A Survey of the Research. 120th American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition, 30, 1-18.
Bond, M. (2020). Facilitating student engagement through the flipped learning approach in K-12: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 151, 103819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103819
Borgohain, D. J., Lund, B., & Verma, M. K. A mathematical analysis of the h-index and study of its correlation with some improved metrics: A conceptual approach. Journal of Information Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515231184832
Bornmann, L., Haunschild, R., & Mutz, R. (2021). Growth rates of modern science: a latent piecewise growth curve approach to model publication numbers from established and new literature databases. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00903-w
Chankvetadze, A. (2024). Flipped classroom: rising motivation of new generation or challengeable way of studying on higher education level (case study in Georgia). Proceedings of the International Conference on Innovative Research in Education, 1(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.33422/ireconf.v1i1.442
Chasokela, D. (2025). Role of Technology Integration in the Development of 21st-Century Skills STEM University in Zimbabwe. Journal of Research in Education and Pedagogy, 2(1), 124-135. https://doi.org/10.70232/jrep.v2i1.36
Compagnucci, L., & Spigarelli, F. (2020). The Third Mission of the university: A systematic literature review on potentials and constraints. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120284
Davies, R. S., Dean, D. L., & Ball, N. (2013). Flipping the Classroom and Instructional Technology Integration in a College-Level Information Systems Spreadsheet Course. Education Technology Research and Development, 61, 563-580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11423-013-9305-6
Del Arco, I. (2022). Bibliometric analysis of the flipped classroom pedagogical model: Trends and strategic lines of study. Frontiers in Education, 7, 1022295. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.1022295
Denton, G. D., Durning, S. J., & Hemmer, P. A. (2004). Letter to the editor: A Call for Use of Confidence Intervals With Correlation Coefficients. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 16(1), 111–112. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328015tlm1601_20
Din, A. G. bin M., Din, O. bin M., Tohyala, I., Taher, R., Zabidin, M. A. R. bin, & Hamed, P. K. (2024). Modern Technology of the Education: A Bibliometric Analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(1), 1735–1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v14-i1/20596
Dominguez, S., & Svihla, V. (2023). A review of teacher implemented scaffolding in K-12. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100613
Dong, M., Li, F., & Chang, H. (2023). Trends and hotspots in critical thinking research over the past two decades: Insights from a bibliometric analysis. Heliyon, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16934
Dosi, G., & Nelson, R. (2013). The Evolution of Technologies: An Assessment of the State-of-the-Art. . Eurasian Business Review, 3, 3–46.
Fouad, H., & Rego, N. (2024). Can social network analysis contribute to supply chain management? A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis. Heliyon, 10(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26598
Gilboy, M. B., Heinerichs, S., & Pazzaglia, G. (2015). Enhancing student engagement using the flipped classroom. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 47(1), 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2014.08.008
Haddaway, N. R., Page, M. J., Pritchard, C. C., & McGuinness, L. A. (2022). PRISMA2020: An R package and Shiny app for producing PRISMA 2020-compliant flow diagrams, with interactivity for optimised digital transparency and Open Synthesis. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1230
Handayani, D. (2025). Tracing Virtual Reality Research: A 2009–2024 Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Technology-Assisted Learning, 1(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.70232/jtal.v1i1.1
Hattie, J. A. C. (2009). Visible Learning: A Synthesis of over 800 Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203887332
Huang, J., Kim, F. C., & Johanes, M. (2024). Parametric Sankey: Interactive Mapping of Complex Material Flows for Urban and Architectural Design. In Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication: Vol. Part F2072 (pp. 248–259). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_21
Husson, F., Ouest, A., Husson, F., & Josse, J. (2015). 1 Multiple Correspondence Analysis. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266856006
Ifaei, P., Nazari-Heris, M., Tayerani Charmchi, A. S., Asadi, S., & Yoo, C. (2023). Sustainable energies and machine learning: An organized review of recent applications and challenges. Energy, 266, 126432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.126432
Ju, Z., Wells, M. C., & Walter, R. B. (2007). DNA microarray technology in toxicogenomics of aquatic models: methods and applications. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : CBP, 145(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.04.017
Keong, T. C., & Jimei, G. (2024). Analyzing Flipped Classroom Themes Trends in Computer Science Education (2007–2023) Using CiteSpace. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 46(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.46.1.1527
Kim, M. K., Kim, S. M., Khera, O., & Getman, J. (2014). The experience of three flipped classrooms in an urban university: An exploration of design principles. The Internet and Higher Education, 22, 37-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2014.04.003
Levidze, M. (2024). Mapping the research landscape: A bibliometric analysis of e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon, 10(13). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33875
Leydesdorff, L., Wagner, C. S., Park, H.-W., & Adams, J. (2013). Colaboración internacional en ciencia: mapa global y red. Profesional De La información, 22(1), 87–94. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2013.ene.12
Lundin, M., Bergviken Rensfeldt, A., Hillman, T., Lantz-Andersson, A., & Peterson, L. (2018). Higher education dominance and siloed knowledge: a systematic review of flipped classroom research. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-018-0101-6
Luo, Y. X., Zhu, Y. H., & Yao, X. Q. (2023). Knowledge mapping of exercise and physical activity research in older adults: Hotspots, bursts, and trends of the last decade. Heliyon, 9(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23181
Marx, W., & Bornmann, L. (2014). On the problems of dealing with bibliometric data. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 65(4), 866-867. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23059
McLaughlin, Roth, Glatt, Gharkholonarehe, Davidson, Griffin, Esserman, & Mumper. (2014). The Flipped Classroom A Course Redesign to Foster Learning and Engagement in a Health Professions School. Academic Medicine, 89(2), 236–243. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000086
Melati, M., & Hadinugrahaningsih, T. (2024). The Effect of Numbered Head Together (NHT) in a Flipped Classroom Environment on Students’ Self-Efficacy and Achievement on Colloid Topics. Journal of Research in Education and Pedagogy, 1(1), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.70232/c99bex94
Meng, J., Lou, W., & He, J. (2022). Quantifying Individual Research's Distance from the Trends based on Dynamic Topic Modeling. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 59(1), 762-763. https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.718
Milagros, E., Carrillo-Yalán., Vargas-Trujillo, Daysi, G.-Cuéllar., Emma, Cortez-Llanos., Y., & Villarreal-Montenegro. (2024). Flipped Classroom Based on Blum’s Modeling and its Impact on Autonomous Learning Experienced by Mathematics Students from a University in Lima, Peru. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 13(3), 227. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2024-0077
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2010). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. International Journal of Surgery, 8(5), 336–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2010.02.007
Mondal, H., Deepak, K. K., Gupta, M., & Kumar, R. (2023). The h-Index: Understanding its predictors, significance, and criticism. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 12(11), 2531. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1613_23
Mongeon, P., & Paul-Hus, A. (2016). The Journal Coverage of Web of Science and Scopus: A Comparative Analysis. Scientometrics, 106, 213-228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1765-5
Nahar, J. (2024). British Journal of Teacher Education and Pedagogy Assessing the Efficacy and Acceptance of Flipped Classroom Method in Tertiary-Level English Vocabulary Learning: A Thematic Data Analysis in Post-Pandemic Bangladesh. https://doi.org/10.32996/bjtep
O'Flaherty, J., & Phillips, C. (2015). The use of flipped classrooms in higher education: A scoping review. The Internet and Higher Education, 25, 85-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.02.002
Pereira de Oliveira Almeida, E., Souza Salvador, A., Candeia de Melo, A., & Santos Oliveira, J. L. (2024). Flipped classroom: bibliometric analysis and contributions of teaching and learning in higher education between 2019 and 2023. Cadernos De Educação Tecnologia E Sociedade, 17(1), 264–274. https://doi.org/10.14571/brajets.v17.n1.264-274
Prahani, B. K., Rizki, I. A., Suprapto, N., Irwanto, I., & Kurtuluş, M. A. (2024). Mapping research on scientific creativity: A bibliometric review of the literature in the last 20 years. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101495
Rakhmalinda, F. (2024). Trends in Flipped Classroom of Higher Education: Bibliometric Analysis (2012–2022). Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education, 1(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.70232/bd895m13
Rakhmalinda, F. (2024). Trends in flipped classroom of higher education: Bibliometric analysis (2012-2022). Journal of Research in Mathematics, 1(1). https://spm-online.com/jrmste
Riahi, Y., Saikouk, T., Gunasekaran, A., & Badraoui, I. (2021). Artificial intelligence applications in supply chain: A descriptive bibliometric analysis and future research directions. Expert Systems With Applications, 173, 114702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114702
Selvan, P. T., & Kalaiyarasan, G. (2024). STEM Knowledge Awareness among Higher Secondary School Students. Journal of Education for Sustainable Development Studies, 1(2), 89-96. https://doi.org/10.70232/jesds.v1i2.14
Shaffi, S., Tarek, S., & Watson, A. (2023). Enhancing Business Education through Flipped Classroom Pedagogies: The Systematic Review. Creative Education, 14(7), 1481–1495. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2023.147094
Smith, K., Maynard, N., Berry, A., Stephenson, T., Spiteri, T., Corrigan, D., Mansfield, J., Ellerton, P., & Smith, T. (2022). Principles of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in STEM Education: Using Expert Wisdom and Research to Frame Educational Practice. Education Sciences, 12(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12100728
Strayer, J. F. (2012). How learning in an inverted classroom influences cooperation, innovation and task orientation. Learning Environments Research, 15, 171–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-012-9108-4
Sulastri, S. K. (2025). Augmented Reality in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends and Evolution from 1997 to 2024. Journal of Technology-Assisted Learning, 1(1), 92-114. https://doi.org/10.70232/jtal.v1i1.5
Summers, E.G. (1983). Bradford's Law and the retrieval of Reading Research Journal literature. Reading Research Quarterly, 19(1), 102-109
Sun, Y. L., Zhao, X. Y., Li, X. M., & Yu, F. Q. (2023). Effectiveness of the flipped classroom on self-efficacy among students: A meta-analysis. Cogent Education, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2287886
Teplitskiy, M., Duede, E., Menietti, M., & Lakhani, K. R. (2022). How status of research papers affects the way they are read and cited. Research Policy, 51(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2022.104484
Timotheou, S., Miliou, O., Dimitriadis, Y., Sobrino, S. V., Giannoutsou, N., Cachia, R., Monés, A. M., & Ioannou, A. (2023). Impacts of digital technologies on education and factors influencing schools’ digital capacity and transformation: A literature review. Education and Information Technologies, 28(6), 6695–6726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11431-8
Tonbuloglu, B. (2023). State of research on e-assessment in education: a bibliometric analysis. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 24(4), 276–301. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.1184218
Triansyah, A., Yustiana, Y. R., Kurniawati, A., & Lukitowati, S. (2024). Bibliometric Analysis of Learning Models and Physical Education Based on Scopus Data. Sustainable Jurnal Kajian Mutu Pendidikan, 7(1), 106–118. https://doi.org/10.32923/kjmp.v7i1.4463
Uzorka, A., & Olaniyan, A. O. (2025). Exploring Innovative Teaching Methods and Technologies in Ugandan Classrooms. Journal of Research in Education and Pedagogy, 2(2), 177-186. https://doi.org/10.70232/jrep.v2i2.43
Yu, M., Wang, Y., Yu, X., Shan, G., & Jin, Z. (2023). PubExplorer: An interactive analytical system for visualizing publication data. Visual Informatics, 7(3), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visinf.2023.07.001
Zainuddin, Z., & Halili, S. H. (2016). Flipped classroom research and trends from different fields of study. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 17(3), 313–340. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v17i3.2274
Zhang, D., Men, H., & Zhang, Z. (2024). Assessing the stability of collaboration networks: A structural cohesion analysis perspective. Journal of Informetrics, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2024.101490
Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Du, H., & Havlin, S. (2024). Delayed citation impact of interdisciplinary research. Journal of Informetrics, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2023.101468
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ira Nur Amalia, Irwanto Irwanto, Kamran-ul-Haq Khan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
